Ladder Safety

Why do ladder falls happen?

Common causes include a ladder that is the wrong type or too short, one set on soft or uneven ground, overreaching, carrying loads while climbing, rushing and using damaged equipment. Many falls happen from just a few feet, so do not assume low means safe.

A ladder is a tool that needs planning, not a quick substitute for the right equipment. Ask whether a platform, scaffold, lift or a different method would be safer for the job.

Keep a simple habit: before climbing, ask whether the job could be done from the ground with an extension pole or a different tool. If so, do that.

How do I choose the right ladder?

Match the ladder to the job: a stepladder for freestanding work, an extension ladder for reaching higher surfaces and a platform ladder for longer tasks. Choose one tall enough that you do not stand on the top steps. Check the duty rating, which shows the maximum weight the ladder can hold, including you, your tools and materials.

Material matters near electricity. Nonconductive fiberglass ladders are recommended around power sources, while metal ladders conduct electricity. Check the ladder labels and manual for correct use.

• Right type and height for the work
• Duty rating that covers you and your load
• Nonconductive material near any power source
• Labels intact and readable

How do I inspect a ladder before use?

Look over the whole ladder every time. Check rails, rungs, steps, feet, locks, spreaders and hinges for cracks, bends, rust, loose parts and missing pieces. Make sure the feet are in good condition and the surfaces are free of oil, mud and paint that could make steps slippery.

If you find damage, take the ladder out of service and tag it so no one uses it. Do not attempt temporary repairs with tape or wire.

Check the surface the ladder will stand on as well. Soft turf, gravel and slick floors change how the ladder sits, and the ladder that was fine yesterday may slip today after rain.

How do I set up the ladder correctly?

Place the ladder on firm, level ground, away from doors, vehicles and traffic. For an extension ladder, the recommended setup includes a specific angle, usually described by the base distance relative to the height, and extending the top several rungs above the landing edge. CDC and safety agencies publish the details, so follow current guidance and the manufacturer's labels.

Secure the top where possible, make sure locks are engaged and use a level or leveling device if the ground is uneven. Do not place a ladder on boxes, bricks or buckets to gain height. A second person holding the base helps but does not replace correct setup.

How do I climb and work safely?

Face the ladder and keep three points of contact, meaning two hands and a foot or two feet and a hand, at all times. Wear clean, dry shoes with good grip. Use a tool belt or hoist for tools and materials so your hands stay free.

Keep your body centered between the rails, and move the ladder instead of reaching to the side. Never stand on the top step of a stepladder or the top rungs of an extension ladder. Avoid working on ladders in strong wind, rain, ice or darkness.

Do not carry anything that makes it hard to grip the rails. If a load is bulky, haul it up on a rope, or ask a helper to hand it to you once you are in position.

What about electrical and overhead hazards?

Look for power lines before you raise any ladder, and keep ladders and everything you carry well away from them. Contact with a power line can be fatal. If you are working near service lines, ask the utility how to proceed or hire a qualified professional.

Do not use metal ladders where electrical contact is possible. Keep ladders away from open doors unless guarded.

Never leave a ladder standing where animals, vehicles or children might knock it over. Take it down when you finish a job and put it away.

How do I store ladders and when should I skip the ladder?

Store ladders in a dry spot, supported along their length, away from heat and chemicals. Keep fiberglass ladders out of long sun exposure. Clean off dirt and paint buildup.

Skip the ladder for jobs that are too high, too heavy or too awkward. Use a lift, scaffold or professional crew for roof work, gutter work and tall tree work, and never use a ladder when you are tired, dizzy or unwell.

Ladders also deserve care when you lift and carry them. Keep the ladder level, watch for overhead wires and doorways and get help with long or heavy sections.

Last reviewed: November 12, 2026. Written by the Homestead & Small Farm Editorial Team. See our editorial policy.